Clinical Pearls: Is It Time To Extubate, An Objective Approach
I spent a lot of years working at the bedside in the ICU. I can tell you one thing a nurse won’t tolerate and that’s an agitated and intubated patient. IYKYK. It’s scary, it’s physically taxing for you, and it’s not good for the patient. So naturally I would immediately call the provider with the “can we extubate” query when they woke up fighting. In my mind they were awake, right? Let’s liberate them from the ventilator!
This is only one scenario in which the clarity I gained in NP school blew my mind at how naive I was as a nurse. Maybe naive isn’t the right word, uninformed perhaps? IDK, I think my point is I didn’t realize there was a systematic approach to assessing extubation readiness. I didn’t properly think through all the reasons why a person would need a vent, nor appreciate all the ways in which a person can fail an extubation attempt. One key factor I learned is that objective medical analysis of the diagnosis and current exam is crucial in predicting risk and then weighing the risk/benefit ratio to determine what is safest for the patient. In this post I’ll walk you through the step by step process of performing this assessment to eliminate as much doubt as possible and set your patient up for success. Skip to the end for a bedside checklist.
Clinical Pearls: VBG vs ABG
There is a legitimate reason why ER providers consistently order a VBG over an ABG and the ICU provider then may or may not believe the VBG choosing to tack on an ABG instead.
Many patients in the hospital require assessment of their acid base balance and oxygenation/ventilation status which is best quantified from serum arterial samples. Additionally, the ABG provides expedited lab results such as hemoglobin, potassium and other electrolytes, and lactic acid. These values are very helpful in making a rapid diagnosis and treatment plan. A venous blood gas seems to be the standard replacement for an arterial blood gas in the emergency department. It does offer some benefits, but has limitations as well which should be acknowledged.
The focus of this article is to describe the pros/cons of using a VBG as a surrogate, the exclusion criteria, and the method of converting a VBG to an ABG.